Serengeti III: Human Impacts on Ecosystem Dynamics

During a survey of seals in September and October 2009 at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean, we recorded goose barnacles (Lepas australis) attached to the pelage of two of the 12 elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) inspected and one of the seven vagrant Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) which were found amongst the resident Subantarctic fur seals (A. tropicalis). We also recorded a goose barnacle attached to a Northern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi).     

鲁尔泵运行中典型故障分析与处理方法

德国鲁尔泵作为油品外输泵被广泛应用于输油管道泵站。结合现场实践，对运行过程中泵机组因为机械密封动环轴套发生轴向串动而引起的泵机组突然停机、启动时出现堵转的现象进行阐述和分析。从泵机组机械密封的结构设计和受力状态分析入手，阐述了机械密封动环轴套发生位移是由灌泵时巨大的流体冲击力造成的这一观点，并通过建立流体力学模型进行计算证明，最后成功解决了机组运行中的过载停机和启动堵转难题，对于今后鲁尔泵机组类似故障的解决具有借鉴意义。（表1，图7，参7）     

Decadal changes in the diet of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) migrating off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan

Decadal changes in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) diet were examined based on the stomach contents data collected off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan from January to April, 1953–1988. Seventeen families of fish and seven families of squid were identified from the stomach contents. Dominant prey species in terms of percentage of occurrence and wet weight were Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), and myctophid fishes. Demersal fishes, sparkling enope squid (Watasenia scintillans), and oceanic squids were also preyed on at low incidences. Decadal‐scale diet composition of northern fur seals revealed shifts in the significance of Japanese sardine and chub mackerel in parallel with the decadal alternation in the dominance of these species within the pelagic fish community off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. These results suggest that northern fur seals can use a variety of prey resources in this wintering area by switching the diet according to the distribution and abundance of prey species.     

干气密封失效原因分析与有效性措施

针对西气东输站场内压缩机组干气密封频繁失效并造成高额维修更换费用的问题，从干气密封的基本结构和工作原理出发，分析了西气东输管道干气密封实际应用效果，重点剖析了部分压缩机组站场干气密封失效的原因，根据实际生产运行中得出的结论，在收集和分析西气东输各站影响干气密封事件的同时，深入分析了导致干气密封失效的一系列因素，并从压缩机的设计、干气密封系统设计、阻挡密封、干气密封的运输和储藏、安装和拆卸、运行和维护6个方面提出了提高干气密封有效性的针对性措施，以期对压缩机站场干气密封的使用及维护提供指导。（图6，参6）     

汽车空调管路法兰接头的密封性研究

为分析汽车空调管路压板法兰接头在高温环境、低温环境、振动载荷条件下的的密封性能,参照通用汽车空调制冷剂系统连接规范制定试验方案,并利用高低温湿热试验箱、振动试验台对法兰进行实验。结果表明:密封垫片的压缩量为0.3mm,固定螺栓的预紧力的大小为25N·m时,压板法兰的密封性满足主机厂对汽车空调管路接头密封要求。低温状态下压板法兰接头的制冷剂泄漏量明显少于高温状态下的制冷剂泄漏量。为汽车空调管路连接设计提供参考。     

谈阳离子乳化沥青稀浆封层的施工工艺

简要介绍了阳离子乳化沥青稀浆封层的施工工艺及施工中应注意的几个问题     

Longitudinal study of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) hematology

Although the causes have not been specified yet, wild populations of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) have been decreasing, which is why conservation techniques such as captive breeding and health maintenance should be established. Hematological parameters can be used to maintain the health status of northern fur seals kept in captivity for artificial reproduction and public education. Year-round fluctuations of blood parameters have not been examined for northern fur seals due to the difficulties in obtaining serial blood samples from wild animals during the oceanic migration period from late autumn to spring. In this study, blood samples were collected from four captive northern fur seals and analyzed monthly for more than three years to clarify the seasonal fluctuation patterns in 14 hematological parameters. Many hematological parameters seemed to be seasonal patterns: summer–autumn and winter–spring; leukocyte-related parameters were higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring; erythrocyte-related parameters were lower in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Significant seasonal differences in nine of the 14 parameters were observed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis. These results have improved our understanding of the seasonal patterns of hematological characteristics in the northern fur seal and can contribute to the health care of protected or captive northern fur seals.     

森林消防用离心泵机械密封的改进

机械密封性能是影响森林消防用离心泵使用性能的重要因素。分析了森林消防用离心泵机械密封失效的原因,改进了机械密封的结构,这对森林消防用离心泵的可靠性和经济性有重要意义。     

The effect of rehabilitation of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) on antimicrobial resistance of commensal Escherichia coli

The aim of this study was to determine if antimicrobial drug use increases resistance of commensal gastrointensinal Escherichia coli of wild northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) treated in rehabilitation, and, if so, identify the risk factors involved. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels of twelve antimicrobial drugs were determined for 289 E. coli isolates from 99 seals sampled at admission and 277 isolates obtained at release from rehabilitation using broth microdilution. Prevalence of E. coli antimicrobial resistance, MIC(50), MIC(90), and clustering of MIC values were determined for seals and the data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, ordinal logistic regression and negative binomial regression. At release from rehabilitation 77.8% of the seals had antimicrobial resistant E. coli compared to 38.4% of the seals at admission. The MIC(90) for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim-saulfamethoxazole were at levels considered to be sensitive at admission but they increased to levels of resistance at release. E. coli were grouped into four clusters by their MIC values, with increasing levels of resistance going from Cluster 1 to 4. A primary risk factor associated with the probability of a seal having E. coli in Clusters 3 and 4 was time in rehabilitation, regardless of whether the animal received treatment with antimicrobial drugs, suggesting nosocomial infection. The results of this study provide evidence that increased levels of hygiene and appropriate use of antimicrobial therapy might be important in the rehabilitation of wild animals to prevent rise in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.     

截干封蜡技术在造林中的应用

通过对比试验表明，截干封蜡技术可以使造林成活率提高14个百分点。截干封蜡技术是提高造林成活率的有效措施之一。